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Racism in football: patterns in media discourse

Silva Pimenta, Izadora (2023)
Racism in football: patterns in media discourse.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00024216
Ph.D. Thesis, Primary publication, Publisher's Version

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Item Type: Ph.D. Thesis
Type of entry: Primary publication
Title: Racism in football: patterns in media discourse
Language: English
Referees: Müller, Prof. Dr. Marcus ; Lima-Lopes, Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Esteves de
Date: 17 July 2023
Place of Publication: Darmstadt
Collation: 199 Seiten
Date of oral examination: 24 May 2023
DOI: 10.26083/tuprints-00024216
Corresponding Links:
Abstract:

This work departs from notions of Systemic-Functional Linguistics (Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) and Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005) to analyse the media discourse regarding racism in football in England and Brazil to find patterns of representation regarding the topic in these discourses, considering hard news journalism, a form of communication that presents itself as neutral and factual (Martin & White 2005). To find these patterns, the work considers a main Judgement in common among the corpora - racism as a social wrong (Fairclough 2019) and evaluates how this Judgement is constructed through the discourse by positioning different experiences of the world, of people that play different roles in the discourse, to generate meaning to this Judgement. For this task, I also consider Ideology as the higher strata of language (Lukin 2019) and understand race as a social construct with real impacts on those affected by it (Gillborn & Ladson-Billings 2020). So, the positioning of meanings from the Writer can influence the main ideology regarding this topic and the maintenance of structural racism in both societies. Through a framework developed considering the assumptions of the Transitivity System (Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) in reflecting the experience of one in the world, a corpus-based discourse analysis, with quantitative and qualitative resources for manual annotation, identified 17 labels, which are called Reactions, that offer an overview of how different people react to the main Judgement. These Reactions and their placement in the discourse reveal that the media discourse in both contexts prioritises the voices of actors who are not directly involved in the racist remark but are offering their help through an action, a comment, or a remark regarding the victim. The placement of these patterns reveals that the media discourse for this context is attached to values such as colourblindness, race as a commodity and football as a commodity, giving less priority to the representation of the voices of the victims and their experience in the world.

Alternative Abstract:
Alternative AbstractLanguage

Diese Arbeit geht von Begriffen aus der systemisch-funktionalen Linguistik (Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) und der Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005) aus, um den Mediendiskurs über Rassismus im Fußball in England und Brasilien zu analysieren, um Muster der Darstellung des Themas in diesen Diskursen zu finden, wobei hard news Journalismus, eine Form der Kommunikation, die sich als neutral und sachlich präsentiert, berücksichtigt wird (Martin & White 2005). Um diese Muster zu finden, wird in der Arbeit ein den Korpora gemeinsames Haupturteil betrachtet - Rassismus als soziales Unrecht (Fairclough 2019) - und bewertet, wie dieses Urteil durch den Diskurs konstruiert wird, indem verschiedene Erfahrungen der Welt, von Menschen, die verschiedene Rollen im Diskurs spielen, positioniert werden, um diesem Urteil Bedeutung zu verleihen. Für diese Aufgabe betrachte ich auch die Ideologie als die höhere Schicht der Sprache (Lukin 2019) und verstehe Rasse als ein soziales Konstrukt mit realen Auswirkungen auf die davon Betroffenen (Gillborn & Ladson-Billings 2020). So kann die Positionierung von Bedeutungen aus dem Writer die Hauptideologie zu diesem Thema und die Aufrechterhaltung des strukturellen Rassismus in beiden Gesellschaften beeinflussen. Anhand eines Rahmens, der unter Berücksichtigung der Annahmen des Transitivitätssystems (Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) entwickelt wurde, um die Erfahrung eines Menschen in der Welt zu reflektieren, wurden in einer korpusbasierten Diskursanalyse mit quantitativen und qualitativen Ressourcen für die manuelle Annotation 17 Etiketten identifiziert, die als Reaktionen bezeichnet werden und einen Überblick darüber geben, wie verschiedene Personen auf das Haupturteil reagieren. Diese Reaktionen und ihre Platzierung im Diskurs zeigen, dass der Mediendiskurs in beiden Kontexten die Stimmen von Akteuren in den Vordergrund stellt, die nicht direkt an der rassistischen Äußerung beteiligt sind, sondern ihre Hilfe durch eine Handlung, einen Kommentar oder eine Bemerkung zum Opfer anbieten. Die Platzierung dieser Muster macht deutlich, dass der Mediendiskurs in diesem Kontext mit Werten wie colourblindness, Rasse als Ware und Fußball als Ware verbunden ist und der Darstellung der Stimmen der Opfer und ihrer Erfahrungen in der Welt weniger Priorität einräumt.

German

Este trabalho parte da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) e do Sistema de Avaliatividade (Martin & White 2005) para analisar o discurso midiático a respeito do racismo no futebol na Inglaterra e no Brasil. O objetivo geral é encontrar padrões de representação a respeito do tema nestes discursos, considerando o jornalismo de hard news, uma forma de comunicação que se apresenta como neutra e factual (Martin & White 2005). Para encontrar estes padrões, o trabalho considera um Julgamento principal em comum entre os corpora - o racismo como um problema social (Fairclough 2019) e avalia como este Julgamento é construído através do discurso, posicionando diferentes experiências do mundo, de pessoas que desempenham diferentes papéis no discurso, para gerar significado a este Julgamento. Para esta tarefa, também considero a Ideologia como o estrato mais elevado da linguagem (Lukin 2019) e entendo a raça como uma construção social com impactos reais sobre aqueles afetados por ela (Gillborn & Ladson-Billings 2020). Portanto, o posicionamento dos significados por parte do repórter pode influenciar a ideologia principal em relação a este tópico, bem como a manutenção do racismo estrutural em ambos os contextos. Através de uma estrutura desenvolvida considerando as suposições do Sistema de Transitividade (Halliday & Matthiessen 2014) ao refletir a experiência no mundo, uma análise do discurso baseada em corpus, com métodos quantitativos e qualitativos para anotação manual, identificou 17 rótulos, chamados de Reações, que oferecem uma visão geral de como diferentes pessoas reagem ao Julgamento principal. Estas Reações e sua posição no discurso revelam que o discurso midiático em ambos os contextos prioriza as vozes dos atores do discurso que não estão diretamente envolvidas no ato de racismo, mas que estão oferecendo sua ajuda através de uma ação, um comentário ou uma observação a respeito da vítima. A colocação destes padrões revela que o discurso da mídia para este contexto está ligado a valores como colourblindness, raça como mercadoria e futebol como mercadoria, dando menos prioridade à representação das vozes das vítimas e sua experiência no mundo.

Portuguese
Uncontrolled Keywords: Racism in football, Racism in soccer, Systemic-Functional Linguistics, Corpus Linguistics, Ideology, Language and ideology, Appraisal Theory, Racism and society, Critical Race Theory
Status: Publisher's Version
URN: urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-242164
Additional Information:

The Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes funded this work through doctoral funding between May 2020 - March 2023

Classification DDC: 300 Social sciences > 300 Social sciences, sociology, anthropology
400 Language > 400 Language, linguistics
Divisions: 02 Department of History and Social Science > Institut für Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft > Germanistik - Digitale Linguistik
Date Deposited: 17 Jul 2023 12:05
Last Modified: 02 Oct 2023 09:03
URI: https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/24216
PPN: 50975709X
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