The dissertation addresses the independence of the auditor as well as the quality of the audit of the annual financial statements and uses empirical studies to investigate the effects of a variety of measures and factors on perceived audit quality and the perceived auditor independence. The relevance and motivation of the empirical studies conducted within this dissertation arises from the reform of the audit market at the European level following the global financial and economic crises. Against this backdrop, the hereinafter dissertation pursues four objectives, firstly by examining the perceptions of the external and internal image of auditors and, in this context, by examining whether there are discrepancies in expectations regarding the annual audit. Secondly by investigating (potential) regulatory measures and their strengthening effects on the perceived independence of the auditor. Thirdly, it examines the impact of audit firm rotation, auditor retention and joint audits on perceived audit quality and auditor independence, and fourthly by analyzing the effect of auditor-provided non-audit services on firms’ cost of debt and equity capital. The findings of the study on the external and internal image of auditors indicate no significant differences between auditors and user groups regarding the nature of an audit. In general, all participants perceive the auditor as highly competent and the quality of the auditor's performance is rated as good. However, the external addressees have doubts about the independence and impartiality of the auditors, whereby the auditors are also dissatisfied with the degree of independence achieved by their colleagues. With respect to the question of (potential) measures to strengthen the perception of independence, the results of the empirical study show that appointing the auditor by the supervisory board, the obligation of the auditor to provide information about the results of the audit at the annual shareholders’ meeting, and the prohibition of simultaneous audit and non-audit services by the same auditor, are the most significant measures perceived as enhancing auditor independence. The third study, which investigates whether perceptions of auditor independence and audit quality are influenced by audit firm rotation, auditor retention and joint audits, indicates a negative main effect for joint audits on perceived auditor independence, and that a rotation cycle of 24 years marginally significantly impairs participant perceptions of audit quality, compared to a rotation cycle of only ten years. Besides these main effects, planned contrast tests suggest a negative interaction between rotation and joint audit on participant perceptions of auditor independence. Moreover, a negative interaction effect is revealed between rotation after 24 years and retention on perceptions of audit quality. Finally, the findings of the capital market study suggest a significant positive association between total non-audit fees and cost of capital, implying that investors and lenders perceive higher levels of non-audit service fees as a threat to auditor independence. Investigating the effect of different types of non-audit services on both cost of debt and equity capital reveals that other assurance and other consultancy services have a negative effect on auditor independence perceptions, while the provision of tax services does not have such an impact. In summary, the findings of the empirical studies imply that not all measures of the new EU reform appear to have their intended impact - strengthening the perception of auditor independence - and that alternative measures to ensure independence need to be developed and implemented. | English |