Liu, Shengyuan (2017)
Hybrid Molecular Dynamics-Finite Element Simulations of Polystyrene-Silica Nanocomposites.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Ph.D. Thesis, Primary publication
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Item Type: | Ph.D. Thesis | ||||
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Type of entry: | Primary publication | ||||
Title: | Hybrid Molecular Dynamics-Finite Element Simulations of Polystyrene-Silica Nanocomposites | ||||
Language: | English | ||||
Referees: | Müller-Plathe, Prof. Dr. Florian ; Böhm, Prof. Dr. Michael C. | ||||
Date: | 2017 | ||||
Place of Publication: | Darmstadt | ||||
Date of oral examination: | 30 January 2017 | ||||
Abstract: | Polymer nanocomposites are manufactured by blending a fraction of nanoparticles into a polymer matrix. A high surface-to-volume ratio of the added nanoparticles leads to a large interphase area in polymer nanocomposites. Structural and dynamic properties of polymer chains in the interphase differ from the bulk behavior because of the polymer-nanoparticle interaction. As a matter of fact, the interphase dimension has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites. The mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites during a deformation process is fundamentally associated to changes of the structural characteristics of the polymer chains. Investigations of interphase properties and the mechanical deformation behavior of polymer nanocomposites are helpful to design better materials for industrical applications. Nevertheless, from experimental investigations it is often difficult to understand correlations between microscopic polymer properties and the macroscopic mechanical behavior of nanocomposites, as changes of structural polymer properties during deformation take place at a molecular scale. Computer simulations have intrinsic advantages to analyze scientific problems of polymer nanocomposites from a microscopic perspective. In collaboration with the group of Prof. Paul Steinmann, our group has developed recently a hybrid molecular dynamics-finite element (MD-FE) method to simulate mechanical deformations of neat polystyrene and polystyrene nanocomposites containing bare silica nanoparticles. In the adopted hybrid framework, an inner particle region that captures microscopic quanties of interest is coupled to a surrounding elastic continuum region that allows the application of external loads to deform the studied materials. A dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) shell separates the inner particle domain from the continuum domain. The convergence properties of the hybrid simulation method have been investigated by recent project contributors (Mohammad Rahimi and Sebastian Pfaller) in simulations of a model polystyrene system. The main aim of the present Ph.D. work is the application of our hybrid MD-FE method to investigate interfacial structures and the mechanical deformation behavior of polymer nanocomposites blended with silica nanoparticles. The present Ph.D. thesis starts with a background introduction to different hybrid simulation methods and with a description of interphase properties as well as with a description of the mechanical deformation of polymer nanocomposites. Specifically, the introduction is mainly divided into the following sections: (i) review on coupling strategies of computer simulation methods at different time and length scales; (ii) description of the used hybrid MD-FE framework and its applications in the fields of hydromechanics and structural mechanics; (iii) uncertainty quantification (UQ) investigations of input parameters of the hybrid simulation model; (iv) analysis of the interfacial structure and mechanical deformation behavior of polymer nanocomposites. In the hybrid model, a large number of anchor points (e.g. several thousand) have to be introduced into the so-called handshaking domain to achieve an exchange of simulation information (i.e. forces and displacements) between the MD and FE region. Input parameters related to the anchor points mainly include the force constant between the anchor points and the polymer beads, the distribution and number of the anchor points as well as the thickness of the handshaking domain. Prior to further applications of the hybrid method to polymer nanocomposites, a reasonable combination of the input parameters of the hybrid model has to be determined. For this purpose, in the second chapter of the thesis, the UQ method is used to analyze quantitatively the influence of these input parameters on the robustness of the hybrid method. The UQ analyses have turned out that the hybrid model without the FE domain is robust when the thickness of the surrounding DPD domain and the inner core of the MD domain are both large enough. The MD simulations in the hybrid scheme with the input parameters set in the safe range can reproduce accurately the results of the reference MD calculations for the same system using traditional periodic boundary conditions. The influence of the interphase area between the polymer matrix and the nanoparticles on global and local properties of polymer chains in nanocomposites has not been investigated quantitatively up to now. In the third chapter, coarse-grained MD simulations have been performed to investigate structural and dynamic properties of polymer chains in polystyrene nanocomposites containing a fraction of silica nanoparticles of different geometrical shapes (i.e. sphere, cube and regular tetrahedron). The structural properties of polymer chains are described in terms of the chain dimension (i.e. end-to-end distance and radius of gyration) and the chain orientation as a function of the distance from the nanoparticle center of mass. Additionally, the dynamic properties of polymer chains are monitored by the center of mass diffusion of the chains, the decorrelation of chain end-to-end vectors and the escape behavior of polymer chains from the interphase. In addition, possible correlations between the interphase area and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites have been investigated, too. The observed results have demonstrated that as an universal factor, the interphase area of nanocomposites influences almost linearly the global chain geometry, chain dynamics as well as the overall elastic properties. Nevertheless, the local chain geometry and dynamics in the interphase region which refers approximately to one chain radius of gyration differ from their global behavior. In the fourth chapter, both standard MD and hybrid MD-FE simulations are applied to investigate the deformation behavior of polystyrene nanocomposites containing silica nanoparticles as a function of the silica mass fraction, particle size and grafting density. In the hybrid framework, the outer continuum domain solved by the FE method allows external load steps to deform the inner particle domain in which MD simulations are performed to capture structural polymer properties. Material properties of polymer nanocomposites such as the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are identified from standard MD simulations. They are then used as material parameters in the hybrid MD-FE simulations. Interfacial properties of polymer nanocomposites are analyzed in terms of the structure and dynamics of the polymer chains. The deformation of individual polymer chains upon elongation is also investigated by a simple geometrical transformation model which assumes that all atoms in the material translate affinely with the deformation of the entire sample. Our simulations have demonstrated that the fraction of high-modulus fillers and their total interfacial area contribute to a general stiffening of the polymer nanocomposites. Smaller nanoparticles have a stronger influence on nanocomposite properties compared with larger ones. The addition of nanoparticles restricts the polymer mobility, so that the polymer conformations deviate more from affine translations than in neat polystyrene. Last but not least, the main conclusions obtained by the present Ph.D. work as well as an outlook to applications of the hybrid MD-FE method in polymer nanocomposites are summarized in the fifth chapter. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-59662 | ||||
Classification DDC: | 500 Science and mathematics > 500 Science 500 Science and mathematics > 540 Chemistry |
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Divisions: | 07 Department of Chemistry | ||||
Date Deposited: | 08 Feb 2017 10:14 | ||||
Last Modified: | 09 Jul 2020 01:32 | ||||
URI: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/5966 | ||||
PPN: | 39948633X | ||||
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