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When a fluid enters a rotating circular pipe a swirl boundary layer with thickness of δ̃s appears at the wall and interacts with the axial momentum boundary layer with thickness of δ̃. We investigate a turbulent flow applying Laser-Doppler-Anemometry to measure the circumferential velocity profile at the inlet of the rotating pipe. The measured swirl boundary layer thickness follows a power law taking Reynolds number and flow number into account. A combination of high Reynolds number, high flow number and axial position causes a transition of the swirl boundary layer development in the turbulent regime. At this combination, the swirl boundary layer thickness as well as the turbulence intensity increase and the latter yields a self-similarity. The circumferential velocity profile changes to a new presented self-similarity as well. We define the transition inlet length, where the transition appears and a stability map for the two regimes is given for the case of a fully developed axial turbulent flow enters the rotating pipe.