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Various design approaches have been developed and applied in recent years for learning factories in universities and companies. In this publication, these are identified based on a systematic literature review in a six-step-procedure. In total, 20 design approaches are identified. While three of them have already been modified and extended, the majority is only applied once. The identified design approaches for learning factories are evaluated based on ten requirements on existing problems of learning factory designs and limitations of the learning factory concept: Requirements for detailed procedure models, the content-related and solution-related mapping ability issues are considered to a high degree. In contrast, didactic principles, competency-oriented learning modules, target group orientation, goal evaluation, scalability, space-related and time-related mapping ability issue, mobility, and effectiveness are requirements that are not included widely and therefore constitute research gaps.