The electron accelerator S-DALINAC is operable as an energy recovery linear accelerator since 2017. To measure the efficiency of the energy recovery process, powers of radiofrequency waves in the accelerating structures have to be measured. Previously, there was no system to detect radiofrequency powers at the S-DALINAC for all accelerating structures simultaneously.
A suitable system was developed and is described in the first part this thesis. Besides an overview of the infrastructure of the accelerator and the basics, the structure of the new measuring system is given. The calibration of the measurement system components and the radiofrequency infrastructure is discussed, which was accomplished with an uncertainty of 2.1 % . The demonstration for determining the performance of the energy recovery with the new power measurement system is still pending. Therefore, the functionality is shown on the basis of theoretical calculations. In addition to the application for determining the performance of the energy recovery mode, the new power measurement setup provides new diagnostic options for the S-DALINAC. As part of this, the existing system for the in-situ quality factor measurement of the accelerating structures was upgraded with the new radiofrequency power measurement system. The present work demonstrates the capability of the system by an example measurement. Additionally, the measurement of the mean energy gains of each acceleration cavity with the system is presented, which could be done with an uncertainty of 1 % . Finally, the application as a longitudinal diagnostic tool using mean energy gains is explicated. The radiofrequency control of the S-DALINAC enables a precise acceleration of the electron beam by
keeping the accelerating alternating electric fields constant. This results in a high energy resolution for the experiments on the accelerator. The radiofrequency control nevertheless contributes to an increase of the energy spread of the electron beam, leading to a reduction of the energy resolution at the experiments, which depends on the setting of the control. In order to minimize the contribution of the radiofrequency control to the energy resolution, an algorithm was developed within this work, built on the disturbance-based extremum-seeking control. By minimizing a so-called costfunction, it adjusts the setting of the control, so that the mentioned contribution is minimized. In the second part of the present work, the basic principle as well as the adaptation and integration of the extremum-seeking control into the specific infrastructure of the S-DALINAC is explained.
Simulations were done, to adjust the extremum-seeking control parameters before the use on the accelerator. An extract of these is shown in this work. Additionally, to the simulations, measurements done at the real accelerator are presented. Via a measurement without electron beam the optimization
of the radiofrequency control performance is shown. By another measurement with electron beam the reduction of the energy spread of up to 21 % is demonstrated. Finally, a finite state machine for setting up the superconducting acceleration structures is described. In conjunction with the extremum-seeking control, this serves for a fully automated setting and optimization of the acceleration structures. | English |