Automated driving will be of high value in the future. The aim is to improve not only the safety and efficiency of road traffic, but also to reduce emissions and improve mobility. While in partial-automated driving the driver must always monitor the traffic situation, a paradigm shift is taking place in the case of conditional automated driving (level 3 according to SAE (2018)). From this level of automation onwards, the vehicle user is released from the duty of permanent vehicle control and environmental observation and can engage in Non-Driving Related Tasks (NDRT) in his or her newly gained spare time. These tasks may be performed until a take-over request informs the user to resume vehicle control. As the driver is still considered to be a fall-back level, this aspect of taking control is considered especially critical. While previous research projects have focused their study on the factors influencing the take-over request, the main focus of this thesis is on the effects of the NDRT on the user of the vehicle during conditional automated driving.
In this work, a literature review of the current state of research is given and research shortcomes are identified subsequently. Based on an online survey (N = 164) and a cover-story driving simulator study (N = 30) relevant NDRT (such as "reading a text", "listening to an audio book", "watching a video", "texting" and "monitor driving") are determined from the user's point of view. By using a research model based on the stress-strain concept according to Luczak (1975, modified by Rohmert 1984), the research questions derived from the systematic literature research are visualized based on lead hypotheses. The main study (N = 56) tested the NDRT for mental strain, situation awareness and the ability to take over in a critical situation in a static driving simulator of the Institute of Ergonomics & Human Factors (Technical University of Darmstadt). The present study examines the effects of visual, auditory, tactile and cognitive strain by naturalistic NDRT using a triangular approach consisting of subjective perceived workload, psychophysiological activity as well as performance-based parameters of a secondary competing task performed by a detection-response task. This revealed that the chosen NDRT vary significantly in their mental strain. The situation awareness was investigated in three-time variations. In addition to the current situation awareness during the carrying out of a NDRT, the build-up process of the situation awareness was also analyzed in detail. The results show that the ability to take-over control also differed significantly depending on the NDRT carried out. Thus the investigated variables of mental strain and situation awareness have a significant effect on the time needed to regain control over the vehicle. In the end, this thesis provides not only answers to the research questions but also design implications for future conditional automated vehicle concepts. | English |