Ebrahimian, Serajeddin ; Nahvi, Ali ; Tashakori, Masoumeh ; Salmanzadeh, Hamed ; Mohseni, Omid ; Leppänen, Timo (2022):
Multi-Level Classification of Driver Drowsiness by Simultaneous Analysis of ECG and Respiration Signals Using Deep Neural Networks. (Publisher's Version)
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (17), MDPI, e-ISSN 1660-4601,
DOI: 10.26083/tuprints-00022328,
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Item Type: | Article |
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Origin: | Secondary publication DeepGreen |
Status: | Publisher's Version |
Title: | Multi-Level Classification of Driver Drowsiness by Simultaneous Analysis of ECG and Respiration Signals Using Deep Neural Networks |
Language: | English |
Abstract: | The high number of fatal crashes caused by driver drowsiness highlights the need for developing reliable drowsiness detection methods. An ideal driver drowsiness detection system should estimate multiple levels of drowsiness accurately without intervening in the driving task. This paper proposes a multi-level drowsiness detection system by a deep neural network-based classification system using a combination of electrocardiogram and respiration signals. The proposed method is based on a combination of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for classifying drowsiness by concurrently using heart rate variability (HRV), power spectral density of HRV, and respiration rate signal as inputs. Two models, a CNN-based model and a hybrid CNN-LSTM-based model were used for multi-level classifications. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated on experimental data collected from 30 subjects in a simulated driving environment. The performance and the results of both models are presented and compared. The best performance for both three-level and five-level drowsiness classifications was achieved by the CNN-LSTM model. The results indicate that the three-level and five-level classifications of drowsiness can be achieved with 91 and 67% accuracy, respectively. |
Journal or Publication Title: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Volume of the journal: | 19 |
Issue Number: | 17 |
Place of Publication: | Darmstadt |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Collation: | 17 Seiten |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | ECG, respiration, deep learning, drowsiness detection, multi-level classification |
Classification DDC: | 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau |
Divisions: | 03 Department of Human Sciences > Institut für Sportwissenschaft Zentrale Einrichtungen > Centre for Cognitive Science (CCS) |
Date Deposited: | 12 Sep 2022 13:23 |
Last Modified: | 22 Sep 2022 07:19 |
DOI: | 10.26083/tuprints-00022328 |
Corresponding Links: | |
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-223281 |
Additional Information: | This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Artificial Intelligence to Health |
SWORD Depositor: | Deep Green |
URI: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/22328 |
PPN: | 499564723 |
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