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To reconstruct the palaeoenvironment and changes within the vegetation, 68 core samples were analysed palynologically from the lacustrine filling of the Eocene maar lake of Offenthal (Hesse, SW Germany). The lacustrine succession includes 16 m of clastic sediments overlain by 13 m of finely laminated bituminous shale. Based on a revised ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of ~ 47.8 ± 0.3 Ma, the lacustrine filling at Offenthal can be dated as uppermost lower Eocene to lowermost middle Eocene which is almost coeval to part of the nearby lacustrine succession at Messel. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses of well-preserved palynomorph assemblages reveal successional stages during the recolonisation of the maar lake and its surroundings which are related to lithological changes. Furthermore, the palynomorph assemblages from Offenthal are compared with assemblages from Messel by NMDS analysis to find similarities and differences during the recolonisation of volcanically disturbed habitats in Central Europe during Paleogene greenhouse conditions. Based on the similar succession in the vegetation at both lakes, four different phases can be distinguished during recolonisation and reestablishment of the vegetation at these sites: (1) an initial phase, (2) a recolonisation phase, (3) a recovery phase, (4) a climax phase.