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Optimization of compound‐specific chlorine stable isotope analysis of chloroform using the Taguchi design of experiments

Asfaw, Berhane Abrha ; Sakaguchi‐Söder, Kaori ; Bernstein, Anat ; Siebner, Hagar ; Schüth, Christoph (2022)
Optimization of compound‐specific chlorine stable isotope analysis of chloroform using the Taguchi design of experiments.
In: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2020, 34 (23)
doi: 10.26083/tuprints-00023027
Article, Secondary publication, Publisher's Version

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Item Type: Article
Type of entry: Secondary publication
Title: Optimization of compound‐specific chlorine stable isotope analysis of chloroform using the Taguchi design of experiments
Language: English
Date: 20 December 2022
Place of Publication: Darmstadt
Year of primary publication: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Journal or Publication Title: Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
Volume of the journal: 34
Issue Number: 23
Collation: 7 Seiten
DOI: 10.26083/tuprints-00023027
Corresponding Links:
Origin: Secondary publication service
Abstract:

Rationale

Chloroform, a probable human carcinogen, is commonly detected in various concentration levels in many surface water and groundwater sources. Compound-specific chlorine stable isotope analysis (Cl-CSIA) is significant in investigating the fate of chlorinated contaminants in the environment. Analytical conditions should, however, be thoroughly examined for any isotopic fractionation. In this study, we simultaneously optimize three analytical parameters for a robust online Cl-CSIA of chloroform using the Taguchi design of experiments.

Methods

For Cl-CSIA, a purge-and-trap autosampler coupled to a gas chromatograph in tandem with a quadrupole mass spectrometer, with electron ionization in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, was used. Using the Taguchi method, the dominant parameter affecting the results of Cl-CSIA for chloroform was identified through concurrent investigation of the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of three parameters, each at three levels: purging time (5, 10, 15 min), transfer time (80, 120, 160 s), and dwell time (20, 60, 100 ms). Moreover, the optimum combination of the levels was identified.

Results

The purging time, with a maximum S/N, resulted in the highest influence on the isotope ratios determined. It was further refined through additional experiments to sufficiently extract chloroform from the aqueous phase. Accordingly, 8 min of purging time, 120 s transfer time and 100 ms dwell time were the optimum conditions for Cl-CSIA of chloroform. Post-optimization, a precision of ±0.28 ‰ was achieved for 8.4 nmol of chloroform (equivalent to 0.89 μg or approx. 25 nmol Cl-mass on column).

Conclusions

A simple online method for Cl-CSIA of chloroform was optimized with the Taguchi design of experiments. The Taguchi method was very useful for the optimization of the analytical conditions. However, the purging conditions should be fine-tuned and selected so that sufficient extraction of a target compound is confirmed to acquire a stable and higher precision of the method.

Identification Number: e8922
Status: Publisher's Version
URN: urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-230275
Additional Information:

Peer review history: https://t1p.de/47mqe

Classification DDC: 600 Technology, medicine, applied sciences > 620 Engineering and machine engineering
Divisions: 13 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sciences > Institute IWAR > Material Flow Management and Resource Economy
Date Deposited: 20 Dec 2022 13:06
Last Modified: 04 Jan 2024 10:52
URI: https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/23027
PPN: 507666828
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