The present report is set to examine the connection between public health and the use of green infrastructure in Greece, and the capital Athens in particular. Specifically, the focus is placed on the role of the urban green infrastructure as spaces that provide opportunities for physical activities and sports, active recreation and active travel, thus contributing to the improvement of public health. The health profile and the physical activity trends of the Greek population are analysed with respect to the effects of the severe economic crisis in the urban population’s quality of life. The report also examines the contemporary policy and practice regarding the management of Athens’ green infrastructure towards providing opportunities for physical activity and active recreation to the city’s residents. Finally, the report goes on to identify the main issues as well as strengths in the current policy and practice, and makes proposals for the better use of open spaces and their connection to promoting a healthier lifestyle for the city residents.