Braun, Johannes (2019)
Identification of regulatory RNA elements based on structural conservation.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Ph.D. Thesis, Primary publication
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Doktorarbeit Johannes Braun -
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Item Type: | Ph.D. Thesis | ||||
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Type of entry: | Primary publication | ||||
Title: | Identification of regulatory RNA elements based on structural conservation | ||||
Language: | English | ||||
Referees: | Süss, Prof. Dr. Beatrix ; Stein, Prof. Dr. Viktor | ||||
Date: | 2019 | ||||
Place of Publication: | Darmstadt | ||||
Date of oral examination: | 24 January 2019 | ||||
Abstract: | The posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression determines the amount of a protein produced from a specific mRNA. All stages of the mRNA life cycle are posttranscriptionally regulated. The untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA play an important role in this process. UTRs encode cis-regulatory elements that interact with trans-acting factors such as RNA binding proteins or non-coding RNAs. These interactions are based on the specific recognition of sequence or structured motifs. Similar to the conservation of linear sequences, the conservation of secondary structures can be an indicative of a functional cis-regulatory element. In the first part of my doctoral thesis, I identified structurally conserved regulatory elements in 3’UTRs of mRNAs. For this, I performed reporter gene assays with bioinformatically predicted structurally conserved RNA elements and discovered a regulatory element in the 3’UTR of the UCP3 (uncoupling protein 3) mRNA. UCP3 is a protein of the inner mitochiondrial membrane and is associated with the development of diabetes melitus type 2 (T2DM). Through sequence and structural analysis, I discovered that the element has an active conformation that consists of two short RNA stem-loops. In further experiments, I was able to confirm that the presence of both RNA stem-loops is necessary for efficient regulation. Furthermore, I showed that the reduction of reporter gene expression is caused by a reduction of the mRNA half-life. The prediction of conserved RNA structures thus provides a powerful tool for the de novo identification of cis-regulatory elements. In the second part of my doctoral thesis, I characterized the regulatory element from the 3’UTR of UCP3 in detail. First, I performed RNA affinity purification to identify proteins specifically associated with the UCP3 element by mass spectrometry. This allowed me to show that the proteins Roquin-1 and Roquin-2 bind to the RNA stem loops of the UCP3 element. Furthermore, I showed that endogenous UCP3 is regulated by Roquin. Roquin proteins bind to constitutive (CDEs) and alternative (ADEs) decay elements and induce the rapid degradation of mRNAs of genes that play an important role in the immune response. Binding studies with the Roquin-1 ROQ domain showed that Roquin binds with significantly higher affinity to the UCP3 element, when both CDEs are present. Both CDEs in the UCP3 element do not correspond to the previously suggested CDE consensus. Performing a detailed mutational analysis, I revised the CDE consensus. With my data >160 new CDE- and 19 new ADE-coding mRNAs could be identified. Furthermore, I confirmed new CDE/ADE-containing mRNAs as targets of Roquin. Interestingly, I was able to show that not only the expression of CDEencoding mRNAs, but also regulation by Roquin is cell type dependent. In conclusion, I have extended Roquin’s role in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and suggest that its role is not limited to the regulation of the immune response. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-88278 | ||||
Classification DDC: | 500 Science and mathematics > 570 Life sciences, biology | ||||
Divisions: | 10 Department of Biology > Molecular Genetics 10 Department of Biology > Postranscriptional Gene Regulation and RNA Therapeutics 10 Department of Biology > Ribogenetics 10 Department of Biology > Synthetic Genetic Circuits (2020 renamed "Synthetic RNA biology) |
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Date Deposited: | 23 Aug 2019 13:12 | ||||
Last Modified: | 23 Aug 2019 13:12 | ||||
URI: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/8827 | ||||
PPN: | 452921341 | ||||
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