Schultheiß, Jan Erich (2018)
Polarization reversal dynamics in polycrystalline ferroelectric/ferroelastic ceramic materials.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Ph.D. Thesis, Primary publication
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Item Type: | Ph.D. Thesis | ||||
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Type of entry: | Primary publication | ||||
Title: | Polarization reversal dynamics in polycrystalline ferroelectric/ferroelastic ceramic materials | ||||
Language: | English | ||||
Referees: | Koruza, Dr. Jurij ; Wolfgang, Prof. Dr. Donner | ||||
Date: | 24 May 2018 | ||||
Place of Publication: | Darmstadt | ||||
Date of oral examination: | 9 August 2018 | ||||
Abstract: | Ferroelectric materials find application in numerous electronic devices and are continuously enabling the development of new technologies. Their versatility is intimately related to the unique property to switch the polarization with electric fields. However, the switching mechanisms in polycrystalline ferroelectric materials remain insufficiently understood. Several questions regarding the mechanisms of the polarization reversal process in polycrystalline ceramic materials have been addressed in this work. The dynamics of the process was measured by a self-constructed high voltage switch, which provides high voltage pulses to the sample and measures its macroscopic polarization and strain response over several decades. Moreover, this macroscopic technique was supplemented by in situ synchrotron diffraction experiments using a high speed detector at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. This unique combination of macroscopic and microscopic time-resolved experimental data allowed to reveal the sequence of events during polarization switching in polycrystalline ferroelectric materials. The process is illustrated by a sequence of well-defined 180° and non-180° domain switching events, which can be separated into three regimes. Field-dependent measurements allow to determine activation fields for the individual regimes, which are a crucial input parameter for micromechanical models. The domain structure in a poled polycrystalline ferroelectric/ferroelastic material mainly consists of non-180° domain walls. Several of them are misaligned to the poling field direction and polarization reversal can start from these misaligned domains. In the first switching regime, the non-180° domain walls are moving, driven by an external applied electric field and supported by internal mechanical fields. Auxiliary mechanical forces and the fact that nuclei are already available result in a low activation field and consequently a fast movement of the domain walls. The transition between the first and the second regime is governed by the interplay between electric and mechanical fields, which can be displayed by Landau energy landscapes. The polarization reversal in the second regime occurs by 180° or synchronized non-180° domain wall movement. Hereby, more than 60% of the total polarization was found to be switched in a model Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 material. With the experimental methods available today, it is not possible to distinguish between pure 180° or synchronized non-180° domain wall movement. However, a more than three times lower Peierls barrier for non-180° compared to 180° domain wall movement and crystallographic arguments suggest that switching in the main switching phase occurs essentially by synchronized non-180° events. In any case, the mechanical stress in this regime is acting against the moving domain walls, which is expressed by a 35% higher activation field, as compared to the first regime. In the third regime the majority of domains are reversed and the electric field is parallel to the polarization vector. Here, creep-like movement of non-180° domain walls occurs. The dynamic response of polycrystalline ceramic materials is strongly influenced by their microstructure, affecting the polarization and strain response in the individual regimes. In this context, the velocity of domain walls is set by the local electric field. The distribution of the latter in a polycrystalline ceramic material is inhomogeneous, since it represents a projection of the external electric field to the direction of the spontaneous polarization of a grain. In addition, other factors influence the dynamic response. A 47 % higher activation field was found for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 materials with a tetragonal compared to a material with a rhombohedral crystallographic structure. This partially reflects the influence of the lattice distortion and the resulting internal stresses at the domain junctions, which have to be overcome when the domain walls are moving. In addition, mechanical and electrical interaction between grains play a significant role. In this context, internal mechanical stresses may enhance or suppress domain wall movement. This is for example expressed in a broader distribution of switching times for a polycrystalline ceramic with smaller grain sizes compared to a ceramic material with larger grain sizes. On the other hand, a 20 % reduction in the activation field for polarization reversal was found for BaTiO3-based materials which are highly crystallographically textured compared to untextured materials. Tailoring the microstructure accordingly may impede or facilitate the dynamic response of the polycrystalline ceramic material. In addition, a relation between microstructural parameters and the dynamic polarization response of polycrystalline ferroelectric ceramic materials is an important input parameter for theoretical models. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-77527 | ||||
Classification DDC: | 500 Science and mathematics > 500 Science 500 Science and mathematics > 530 Physics 600 Technology, medicine, applied sciences > 620 Engineering and machine engineering |
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Divisions: | 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science > Nonmetallic-Inorganic Materials | ||||
Date Deposited: | 21 Sep 2018 07:41 | ||||
Last Modified: | 09 Jul 2020 02:14 | ||||
URI: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/7752 | ||||
PPN: | 437005917 | ||||
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