Liu, Na (2017)
Revealing the Domain Structure and the Relaxation Dynamics of BNT-Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics via Piezoresponse Force Microscopy.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Ph.D. Thesis, Primary publication
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Item Type: | Ph.D. Thesis | ||||
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Type of entry: | Primary publication | ||||
Title: | Revealing the Domain Structure and the Relaxation Dynamics of BNT-Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics via Piezoresponse Force Microscopy | ||||
Language: | English | ||||
Referees: | Stark, Prof. Dr. Robert ; Xu, Prof. Dr. Baixiang | ||||
Date: | 3 July 2017 | ||||
Place of Publication: | Darmstadt | ||||
Date of oral examination: | 13 June 2017 | ||||
Abstract: | Driven by the concern about the harmful effects of lead-containing piezoelectric ceramics on the environment as well as human and animal health, many attempts have thus been made by researchers to develop lead-free piezoelectric alternatives. Bismuth sodium titanate (BNT)-derived lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics have been recognized as promising substitutions for the lead zirconate titanate (PZT), because they have potential to exhibit an electric field-induced high strain akin to or even surpassing the strain of the lead-based counterparts. Macroscopically, the origin of the large strain can be attributed to the reversible field-induced transition from the ergodic relaxor to the ferroelectric state. On the nanoscale, the peculiarities of relaxors are related to the inhomogeneous distribution of the chemical order causing a polarization inhomogeneity, so-called polar nanoregions (PNRs) that emerge below the Burns temperature TB. Hence, the necessity to study the properties of PNRs of lead-free relaxors with respect to the size, morphology, and dynamic response and evolution to a static or dynamic external electric stimulus, is undisputed. For that, piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is a promising tool to study the nanoscale characteristics of ferroelectrics. In lead-free relaxor ceramics, because of tiny size (approximately 1−10 nm) and high dynamics of PNRs in the ergodic state and the limited lateral and temporal resolution of the instrument of conventional PFM imaging (several minutes per frame or longer), the spatiotemporal resolution of conventional PFM techniques is not sufficient to study this class of materials on the nanoscale. Thus, novel PFM techniques providing high spatial and temporal resolution have to be developed. The aim of this thesis was to gain an insight into the fundamental physical mechanisms with respect to the distribution of the ergodicity and PNRs dynamics in different kinds of BNT-based lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics with peculiar macroscopic properties, e.g. a large electromechanical response, using PFM. Existing PFM modes that are restricted in spatial and temporal resolution were further developed and improved to enhance the visualization of the PNRs structure and observe the relaxation behavior of electric field-induced ferroelectric domains. The distribution of local degree of ergodicity associated with the dynamics of PNRs, and the interfacial interactions of ergodic and non-ergodic quantities were studied. The fundamental microscopic-structure–macroscopic-properties relationship of lead-free relaxors was elucidated. |
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URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-65706 | ||||
Classification DDC: | 500 Science and mathematics > 500 Science | ||||
Divisions: | 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science > Physics of Surfaces |
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Date Deposited: | 06 Jul 2017 14:19 | ||||
Last Modified: | 09 Jul 2020 01:46 | ||||
URI: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/6570 | ||||
PPN: | 40517862X | ||||
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