Lightning protection in general has changed only a little since its introduction. Lightning rods collect lightning flashes and conduct the lightning current to ground. A lightning rod, that is placed correctly is the first step of an effective lightning protection system. Intense laboratory testing and field measurements have established the main concepts for a successful lightning protection. National (DIN EN 62305) and international (IEC 62305) standards define the application of successful outer lightning protection systems. However, in the past decades, new lightning protection concepts, as well as active lightning rods, were introduced. This new technology is rumored to have several advantages, compared to the conventional lightning rods. In spite of this progress, lightning experts all over the world are not convinced of the improved lightning rods and their concepts. However, more and more of these rods are installed, even in Germany, although there is no standardization (exception: French standard NF C 17-102). Above all, there is no scientific evidence for the successful operation of these new devices. Theoretical analysis und simulations prove and disprove these new protection concepts. There is an urgent need to examine the inception of real lightning connecting leaders under natural conditions, to better evaluate the behavior of new lightning protection concepts. The aim of this investigation is to deliver measurement data from the inception of real connecting leaders, which is actually difficult to achieve. Hereby it should be possible to survey theoretical concepts and simulations, which are concerned with the inception of connecting leaders. In addition, conclusions can be drawn, which connect the appearance of the lightning protecting system to its effectiveness. Moreover a new simulation methodology, wich is capable to calculate the interception efficiencies on buildings is adopted and improved to calculate the exact interception areas of lightning rods. Different investigations are conducted to show the dependency of interception efficiency on differnt rod locations with the prerequisite of gathering as much lightning strikes as possible. In this work a measurement concept is presented, a measurement device is developed, the effective placement of measurement units are determined and first installations have been done. The first installation is online without any drop out, since neraly two years. | English |