The aim of the thesis here present is the identification of influence factors on driver´s psychological strain in nighttime road traffic and to qualitatively evaluate their impact. The analysis focuses on light influences, such as glare, and the suitability of biophysical signals for the assessment of the strain caused. For this purpose, several test series were carried out in the nocturnal road surroundings as well as in the driving simulator; the impact of glare was evaluated separately in the laboratory.
The field tests showed that on highways, the volume of traffic causes the highest impact on perceived strain. Also, the number of lanes has an influence. On rural roads, on the other hand, oncoming traffic shows the strongest influence. Both complexity rating as well as current speed show a significant relation to this factor. Within city limits, the number of lanes is an important factor, while in this case the results indicate a wide range of interactions of influencing variables. Overall, the highway is the least stimulating to the biophysical signals, on rural roads, there is an increased reaction of the biosignals, and within the city the reaction is most pronounced. The study in the driving simulator showed that road lighting positively affects the perceived strain and lowers the arousal shown in the biosignals, whereas glare by oncoming traffic causes the opposite. A brighter illumination of the vehicle’s interior is also experienced as strain, but less so than the glare. Regarding the measurement of biophysical signals, the mean heartrate and mean skin conductance response show significant relations to the complexity rating. Still, the control of influence factors is an important premise when evaluating the data. An online interview showed that in addition to oncoming traffic and traffic volume, the weather and the expectation of deer passing impact the strain in nighttime driving as well. Concerning light sources, primarily dynamic attributes as blinking or movement are causing increased strain and divert the driver from the driving task.
Based on the results, a qualitative model for perceived complexity in nighttime road traffic was formulated. | English |