There is rarely a week without news, documentations or talk shows of the topic dementias, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is caused by the demographic change and the resulting ageing of society in several industrialized counties. As this development continues, the number of demented patients and the need of potent interventions is going to rise. The treatment possibilities of AD are still limited and the course of diseases can only be slowed. A known strategy for the treatment of AD is the inhibition and modulation of the gamma-secretase. The protease releases Aß-fragments, which can aggregate to pathogenic amyloid plaques, a major feature of AD. The synthesis and evaluation of novel gamma-secretase modulators is a part of the present dissertation. Additionally, gamma-secretase modulators were investigated by neutron diffraction in model membranes to get information about the localization and orientation of these compounds in lipid bilayers. Another topic of this work is the inhibition of DYRK1A. The kinase is a promising target for the development of potent and selective agents for the treatment of AD patients. Through the use of computer based methods, as the generation of a pharmacophor model and molecular docking, options for derivatization were identified. Subsequent synthesis of harmin derived compounds led to several novels, potent DYRK1A inhibitors. One other often discussed method is the activation of the alpha-secretase (ADAM10). However, there are more and more substrates of the protease discovered, whereby side effects and physiological mechanism, by application of an activating drug, cannot be foreseen. By using a potent, selective ADAM10-inhibitor, GI254023X, it was possible to analyze different metabolic connections of ADAM10.
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