Guenther, Gerrit (2012)
Size-dependent High-Temperature Behavior of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles.
Technische Universität Darmstadt
Ph.D. Thesis, Primary publication
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Experimental and theoretical study of size-effects in oxide nanoparticles -
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Item Type: | Ph.D. Thesis | ||||
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Type of entry: | Primary publication | ||||
Title: | Size-dependent High-Temperature Behavior of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles | ||||
Language: | English | ||||
Referees: | Guillon, Prof. Dr. Olivier ; Hahn, Prof. Dr. Horst | ||||
Date: | 10 October 2012 | ||||
Place of Publication: | Darmstadt | ||||
Date of oral examination: | 14 December 2012 | ||||
Abstract: | Oxide nanostrucures show very strong size-dependent changes in their thermal and chemical stability and reactivity. The total energy of nanoparticles (high surface-to-volume ratio) is increased due to the imperfect bonding structure of their surface-affected atoms. This leads to the shifts in the mentioned properties. While this relationship is valid for any kind of inorganic material the degree of these changes depends on the bond-strength and bond-nature of the material at the surface: The higher the surface energy the stronger the size-dependence. These thoughts are demonstrated here by experiments with sized-selected bismuth oxide nanoparticles between 5 and 50 nm. They were synthesized by an aerosol-based evaporation-condensation process with a size-selecting method resulting in monocrystalline, spherical and monodisperse particles. Characterization at room temperature revealed a distorted Beta-Bi2O3 structure. This shows a size-driven thermodynamic crossover in phase stability below a critical particle size. Heating experiments up to the evaporation point were performed inside the synthesis-chamber as well as with in-situ TEM, in-situ XRD and a special membrane-based high-temperature nanocalorimeter. Different atmospheres were used. The results show a pronounced melting point reduction. For example 10 nm particles melted 40% below the bulk in the TEM which is a considerably stronger size-effect than for metals (approx. 5 %). These experimental results were compared with the existing models. |
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Uncontrolled Keywords: | Models for size-dependent melting point reduction, Pawlow, Buffat, evaporation, phase transformation, solid state phase transition, Phase diagram, oxides, surface enregy, surface stress, nanoparticle, nucleation, synthesis, facets shape, chip calorimetry, nanocalorimetry | ||||
URN: | urn:nbn:de:tuda-tuprints-33022 | ||||
Classification DDC: | 500 Science and mathematics > 500 Science 500 Science and mathematics > 530 Physics 500 Science and mathematics > 540 Chemistry 600 Technology, medicine, applied sciences > 620 Engineering and machine engineering |
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Divisions: | 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science > Joint Research Laboratory Nanomaterials 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science > Nonmetallic-Inorganic Materials 11 Department of Materials and Earth Sciences > Material Science > Structure Research 07 Department of Chemistry > Eduard Zintl-Institut > Physical Chemistry |
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Date Deposited: | 25 Feb 2013 12:57 | ||||
Last Modified: | 25 Feb 2013 12:57 | ||||
URI: | https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/3302 | ||||
PPN: | 386275416 | ||||
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