Dynamic Ground Projection: Trends, Performance, Dimensions, Safety Aspects

Dynamic road projections are increasingly entering the market, offering options such as white, amber, and RGB lighting. Each potential mounting position around a vehicle - such as doors, mirrors, headlamps, rear lamps, and rocker panels - demands specific technical solutions and tailored illumination fields. This study proposes suitable field sizes for these various mounting positions for a 100-lm projector, as a good compromise between lighting performance, mechanical volume, and cost. By conducting a case study with 28 participants, we analyzed the visibility of a projected pattern with different luminance levels and contrasts. The visibility was classified into three levels to determine whether they are barely visible, suitable for information display, or effective as pedestrian or bicyclist warnings. Furthermore, we connected these findings with measured ambient illuminance values to establish thresholds for daytime visibility. This research lays the groundwork for optimizing projector performance that is tailored to specific vehicle applications and ambient conditions, enhancing safety and communication in automotive technologies.